Sore Throat

Isn’t a sore throat the worst? It hurts to talk, eat, drink, breathe – live! It’s possible that you have a throat infection that would require antibiotics, but most sore throats are caused by a virus and just need to run their course.

I feel your pain but I promise it will get better as the virus goes away and you get a little sore throat treatment.

Let’s cover the basics of sore throat:

• Different types of sore throat
• Sore throat causes
• Symptoms of a sore throat
• Sore throat home remedies
• When to call the doctor or seek medical advice

Types of sore throat

There are three types of sore throat. Each type is classified by which part of the throat is inflamed and where you’re feeling the pain.

• Laryngitis is swelling of the larynx, which is your voice box or vocals cords. This is located in your throat – protected partly by the Adam’s apple.
• Tonsillitis is swelling or infection of the tonsils, the two pads of soft tissue in the back of your mouth.
• Pharyngitis is swelling of the pharynx, which is at the way back of your mouth and the start of your throat. Behind the tonsils but above the larynx and extends up to the back of the nose as well!

Sore throat causes

There are multiple things that could be causing your raw sore throat – the number one thing being a viral infection. Typically we’re talking about the cold or the flu here, but it could also include croup, mono, or COVID-19, to name a few. These do not need treatment and simply have to run their course.

Less often, a bacterial infection could be the culprit of your sore throat feeling. The most common is group A streptococcus, which is what causes strep throat. Be in touch with your doctor if you are concerned you may have a bacterial throat infection, because your doctor has to diagnose strep throat after doing a throat culture and it does require antibiotics.

In addition to viral vs bacterial, a sore throat could be caused by allergies, irritants such as chemicals or smoke, acid reflux, dry air – especially if you notice it first thing in the morning and you’re a mouth-breather (try a humidifier!) – or other things that we aren’t going to stress ourselves out with here. Knowledge is power but too much of it can make us worry, so focus on your current symptoms and just talk with your doctor if you think something beyond the common cold is going on.

Symptoms of a sore throat

Things you are likely feeling: scratchy throat, swollen throat, sore throat with or without a fever, sore throat and a cough. It is painful and hurts to swallow. Your voice may be hoarse, you might notice the lymph nodes on the sides of your neck/jaw are swollen, and your throat and tonsils are likely red or inflamed. You may even see white patches on the back of your throat. A lot of the accompanying symptoms are caused by the virus, including:

• Body aches
• Headaches
• Fever
• Cough
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Sneezing
• Nausea and/or vomiting

How long does a sore throat last?

• Typically 4-5 days, which will feel like a lifetime, I know. While there’s no true way to cure a sore throat, there are ways to soothe a sore throat and make things a little more tolerable.
• Remember: you should always stay home from work/school until you’ve been without a fever for 24 hours without the help of medication.

How to get rid of a sore throat?

• Drink fluids! Add warm drinks such as tea or broth, as well as increasing your water intake. Cold options can feel good too, such as popsicles or ice cream. (Apparently we should avoid caffeine and alcohol, as they can dehydrate you. Sorry to share the bad news, Mom and Dad.)
• Salt water gargle. Mix ¼ teaspoon of salt with 8 oz of warm water. Gargle and spit it out! This is great for soothing a sore throat for adults and kids 6 years and up.
• Cool-mist humidifiers can moisten the air and help prevent a dry throat, which never helps when it is sore. The warm-mist humidifiers increase the risk of a burn, either from the hot steam or from a water spill. It is not proven to be more effective than the cool-mist humidifiers because the heat dissipates too quickly to make a difference by the time we are breathing it in. So go with safety and choose the cool-mist option!
• Hard candy has been shown to soothe a sore throat and be just as effective as a cough drop. Choking hazard here so use your best judgement if offering to a kiddo.
• Rest! Let that body heal while you sleep it out.
• Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as Tylenol or ibuprofen, can help with discomfort.

Age reminders:

• No medications for babes <3 months old. Call the doc!
• No ibuprofen for babes <6 months old.
• No aspirin <18 years old.

Remember, if this is a virus, antibiotics for a sore throat aren’t needed. If you’re worried it could be something more (like the dreaded Strep Throat), see the signs below on when to call the doc!

When to call your doctor if you have a sore throat?

• Sore throat for 5 days without improvement.
• Sore throat in kiddos <2 years old.
• Recent exposure to someone with strep throat.
• Blisters, pus, or petechiae (red dots) on the back of the throat.
• Fever, depending on age:
• 0-3 months: >100.4 F
• 3-24 months: >102 F
• 2 years+: >104 F
• Signs of dehydration: dry mouth, dry skin, decreased urination.
• Is something else going on? Ear pain? Neck pain? Sinus pain? Rash? Follow your gut and call.

Remember, we’ve got info to help you with ANY symptom! So use your Kinsa app to share more symptoms with me – that’s what I’m here for and nothing makes me happier than helping people feel better!

When to skip the phone call and head to the ER?

• Trouble breathing
• Drooling or difficulty swallowing
• Fever >105 F

Along with a virus, a sore throat could be caused by allergies, irritants such as chemicals or smoke, acid reflux, dry air – especially if you notice it first thing in the morning and you’re a mouth-breather (try the humidifier!) – or other things that we aren’t going to stress ourselves out with here. Knowledge is power but too much of it can make us worry, so focus on your current symptoms and just talk with your doctor if you think something more is going on.

Since most sore throats are caused by a virus it remains vital that you always wash your hands, tell those around you to wash their hands, and disinfect the daylights out of your environment. Keep this misery to one person in the household and just hang in there. 24-48 hours should be the worst of it, then hopefully you’ll be on the mend through the rest of the week. I’ll join you with a bowl of ice cream for solidarity’s sake.